What statistic describes the degree of association between two variables?

Question

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The correlation coefficient is a statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. It ranges from -1 to 1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation (as one variable increases, the other decreases) and 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation (as one variable increases, the other increases as well). A correlation coefficient close to 0 indicates little to no linear association between the variables.

What Statistic Describes the Degree of Association Between Two Variables