Question 1

According to the text,what is an important resource of material well-being?

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that material well-being is closely tied to employment and the accumulation of wealth through work-related earnings.

Question 2

Elke has recently arrived from Sweden to work at the Canadian branch of IKEA.When asked for her impressions of the Canadian workplace,she expressed that she found it odd that she was one of three females to be working in upper management ,with the other fourteen positions being held by men.She goes on to explain that in Sweden's IKEA head office,there are just as many women as men in these positions.What is Elke describing in this Canadian workplace?

Accepted Answer

Elke is describing vertical segregation, which refers to the unequal distribution of power and authority among different levels of the organizational hierarchy. Specifically, she is noting the underrepresentation of women in upper management positions compared to men. Sexism (A) is a broader term that refers to discrimination or prejudice based on gender. Horizontal segregation (C) refers to the concentration of individuals of a certain gender within specific occupations or job categories. Gendered division of labour (D) refers to the allocation of different tasks and responsibilities based on gender. While all of these concepts are related to gender inequality in the workplace, vertical segregation best captures Elke's observation.

Question 3

According to the text,which of the following factors has affected the labour force participation rate of Canadian women?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the greater demand for service workers has affected the labour force participation rate of Canadian women, indicating that more women are participating in the workforce due to this demand. The other options (A, B, and D) are not mentioned or supported in the text.

Question 4

Madison was asked to give a demand-side explanation for why women earn less than men.Which of the following would she assert?

Accepted Answer

Madison would assert that women earn less than men because they encounter workplaces that are gendered, meaning that they may face discrimination or bias based on their gender that leads to lower pay or fewer opportunities for advancement.

Question 5

Which legislation aims to ensure that no one is denied employment opportunities for reasons not linked to their abilities?

Accepted Answer

The Employment Equity Act, 1995 aims to ensure that no one is denied employment opportunities for reasons not linked to their abilities by promoting equity in the workplace for four designated groups: women, Indigenous people, persons with disabilities, and visible minorities. The other options listed are important pieces of legislation, but they do not specifically address employment equity.

Question 6

A woman who is a nurse has three daughters,and her daughters are,respectively,a social worker,a schoolteacher,and a hair-salon manager.Which term best exemplifies the career choices of the four women?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal segregation refers to the concentration of women in certain occupations, while vertical segregation refers to the under-representation of women in higher-paying positions within a profession. The fact that the mother and her daughters have different occupations indicates horizontal segregation, as they have diversified across different fields but are all women. The other options are not as appropriate, as biological-based occupations (A) and human capital typed occupations (B) do not accurately describe the careers of these women, and there is no evidence to suggest that the women are facing vertical segregation (C).

Question 7

According to the text,which statement is NOT a finding of research on the way men and women experience work-family conflict?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "Most women have positive self-evaluations of role performance" but does not state that men report more negative self-evaluations, making option C false. Options A, B, and D are mentioned in the text as findings of research on the way men and women experience work-family conflict.

Question 8

What are the statements "Women should be home raising the children" and "Women find fulfillment in the creativity and intimacy of involved motherhood" examples of?

Accepted Answer

These statements reflect cultural ideologies surrounding gender roles and expectations related to motherhood. They suggest a traditional view that women's primary role is to be a caregiver and that fulfillment comes from being a mother. This is an example of a cultural belief or value system.

Question 9

According to the text,which of the following has been a factor in female workforce participation?

Accepted Answer

The text states that during World Wars I and II, labour shortages led to women's paid labour being necessary to sustain the economy, which increased female workforce participation.

Question 10

Which term describes the concentration of women in the lower paying echelons of any organization?

Accepted Answer

Vertical segregation refers to the concentration of women in lower paying and lower status positions in an organization, while horizontal segregation refers to the concentration of women in certain job types or industries. Corporate policies and the gender paradox are not directly related to this concept.

Question 11

According to Livingston and Parker (2011),how many hours per week do married fathers spend on child care?

Accepted Answer

According to Livingston and Parker (2011), married fathers spend 6.5 hours per week on child care.

Question 12

Fernanda could not find a job,so she set up her own cleaning business.She has eight clients who call on her;some call regularly,others only call occasionally.She has little security and no benefits,but she is happy that she has at least some work.What kind of employment situation does she have?

Accepted Answer

Fernanda has a nonstandard work situation, as she is self-employed and does not have the security or benefits that come with traditional employment.

Question 13

Professor Smith tells his gender psychology class that males and females are naturally suited for their complementary roles as breadwinners and homemakers because males are innately more competitive,making them excel in the business world,while females are innately more nurturing,making them better suited for taking care of husbands and children.What is Professor Smith promoting?

Accepted Answer

Professor Smith is promoting a gendered division of labor by imposing gender stereotypes on his students. He assumes that males are naturally competitive and better suited for the business world, while females are naturally nurturing and better suited for taking care of husbands and children. This promotes the idea that men and women have different roles to play in society and that their abilities and interests are determined by their gender, which reinforces gender inequality.

Question 14

In a traditional division of labour,with the separation of the public sphere for men and the private sphere for women,what can be concluded about the roles of women?

Accepted Answer

In a traditional division of labour where men occupy public roles and women are confined to the private sphere, women's roles are often unpaid and not widely recognized. This reinforces the idea that domestic work is not as valuable as work outside the home and contributes to the devaluation of women's labor. Additionally, the private sphere is considered to be isolated from the public sphere, meaning that women's work is often invisible and not done in the presence of others.

Question 15

Why did the Ontario government pass the Employment Standards Act in 2000?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did the Ontario government pass the...

Question 16

After her mother got hired full-time as a sales clerk,Jennifer noticed that her mom was still doing the majority of the household chores.When Jennifer asked her why Dad wasn't helping out more,her mom replied "Dad's job is more mentally draining and that's why he makes the big money." Which theory could be used to understand this situation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After her mother got hired full-time as...

Question 17

Which term refers to an occupational structure where men and women are numerically concentrated in different occupations?

Accepted Answer

Sex segregation refers to the phenomenon where men and women are disproportionately represented in different occupations. It can also be referred to as occupational segregation or job segregation. Option B, nonstandardized and option C, sexually standardized are not relevant to the concept of sex segregation. Option D, sex typed, is related to the concept of gender typing, which refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize gender roles and expectations.

Question 18

For his term paper,Jeremy is going to argue that female-male pay differences are a result of differences in women's and men's education,skills,training,and work experience.Which theory is Jeremy using?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy is arguing that female-male pay differences can be explained by differences in education, skills, training, and work experience. This is the basic premise of human capital theory, which suggests that individuals who acquire more human capital (i.e., education, skills, training, and work experience) will have higher earning potential.

Question 19

According to the text,which statement is a supply-side explanation of gender inequality in earnings for women?

Accepted Answer

The supply-side explanation is that women's work preferences, such as choosing jobs that offer flexibility or better work-life balance, lead to lower earnings compared to men. This explanation suggests that women themselves make choices that result in lower pay, rather than discrimination by employers.

Question 20

Shireen is a teacher and mother of three.When not at school,her hours are spent doing chores related to child care and housework.When asked why her husband helped out so little,Shireen would answer,"His idea of a clean house falls short of my expectations and capabilities." What theory would best explain the differences in unpaid work between Shireen and her husband?

Accepted Answer

The cultural theory would best explain the differences in unpaid work between Shireen and her husband, as it suggests that gender roles and expectations are learned through socialization and cultural norms. Shireen's statement about her husband's idea of a clean house indicates that their differing expectations and capabilities may be influenced by cultural norms surrounding gender and household responsibilities.

Quiz 8: Gender Inequality