Question 1

According to the text,which of the following contributes to people being sexually harassed?

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that settings with high levels of gender inequality contribute to sexual harassment.

Question 2

Which of the following is a demonstration of heteronormativity?

Accepted Answer

Option B portrays heteronormativity as the belief that heterosexuality is the only normal and acceptable sexual orientation. The other options showcase different sexual orientations or gender identities, which in themselves do not demonstrate heteronormativity.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo sexual harassment involves an exchange of sexual favors for something tangible or intangible, like a promotion. In option C, the company president offers a promotion in exchange for sexual favors, which qualifies as quid pro quo sexual harassment. Option A is an example of sexual assault, while option B is consensual sex in the workplace, which is an inappropriate behavior but not considered harassment. Option D is an example of hostile environment sexual harassment.

Question 4

A male boss propositions a female subordinate for sexual favours,and promises to get her a promotion in return.What kind of workplace harassment best identifies this woman's experience?

Accepted Answer

This scenario is a clear example of quid pro quo harassment, where a person in a position of power (the boss) demands sexual favors in exchange for a job benefit (promotion). This is a type of sexual harassment that involves unwanted and unwelcome sexual advances or demands. It is important to note that quid pro quo harassment can occur regardless of the gender of the parties involved.

Question 5

According to the text,which statement best explains why physical attractiveness is especially important to women?

Accepted Answer

Unattractive women are judged more harshly than unattractive men, which emphasizes the societal pressure on women to adhere to certain standards of physical attractiveness.

Question 6

According to the text,what is the essential lesson to be drawn from the David/Brenda case?

Accepted Answer

The David/Brenda case illustrates that gender identity has a strong biological basis, as evidenced by David's innate sense of being male despite being raised as female.

Question 7

A sociologist argues that social inequality between males and females is a consequence of unbalanced socialization experiences or socialization that selectively favours males.If we changed socialization experiences,we could equalize perceptions about the value of men and women.What kind of theorizing is this?

Accepted Answer

This theorizing is social constructionist because it argues that social inequality is a product of the way in which social norms and values are constructed and reinforced through socialization experiences. It suggests that by changing these experiences, we can alter perceptions of gender and reduce inequality.

Question 8

According to Freud,how do girls change when they realize they don't have a penis?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, girls experience the phallic stage between the ages of three and six. During this stage, they realize they do not have a penis, which Freud called "penis envy." As a result, girls may develop a feminine personality, identifying with their mother and developing a strong female identity. This does not necessarily lead to a sense of superiority or a focus on boys their own age, as those options are not supported by Freud's theory.

Question 9

Ten-year-old Scott is playing with his friends at the park when six-year-old Tyler shows up with one of his sister's dolls.Scott tells him they can't play with the doll because they are boys.What concept does this incident teach Tyler?

Accepted Answer

The incident teaches Tyler about gender roles, or the societal expectations and attitudes associated with being male or female. Scott's comment reinforces the idea that playing with dolls is a girl's activity and not appropriate for boys, which is an example of a gender role.

Question 10

My great-grandmother was horrified by the idea that a woman might not be a virgin on her wedding night.Today,however,most young adults experiment sexually before getting married.What social change in our society does this reflect?

Accepted Answer

The shift towards premarital sexual experimentation reflects a change in sexual scripts, which refers to the societal expectations and norms surrounding sexual behavior. Prior to this shift, the expectation was that women would be virgins until marriage, demonstrating a change in this script. While changes in gender, dating, and marriage norms may have also played a role, the emphasis on sexual behavior suggests that changes in sexual scripts are the most relevant factor.

Question 11

According to Freud,why is the feminine gender identity normally immature and dependent on men?

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that girls experienced penis envy which led to their sense of inferiority and desire to be like men. As a result, they were unable to resolve this envy and mature into an independent feminine gender identity. Instead, they developed a dependent relationship with men, seeking their approval and validation.

Question 12

Research evidence suggests that men are born with XY chromosomes,are typically larger and more muscular,and have deeper voices when compared to women.What are these comparisons characteristics of?

Accepted Answer

The characteristics mentioned in the statement (XY chromosomes, size/muscle differences, and vocal differences) are all biological factors associated with sex, rather than gender or sexuality. Identity is not relevant in this particular statement.

Question 13

One night a young boy has an opportunity to catch a glimpse of his mother undressing through a slim crack in her bedroom door and he gets an erection.Thereafter he has erotic fantasies about his mother.Which theorist would classify this as an important stage of sexual development?

Accepted Answer

Freudian theory includes the Oedipus complex, which involves a child's unconscious sexual desire for their opposite-sex parent and jealousy towards the same-sex parent. This stage is considered important in human sexual development according to Freudian theory.

Question 14

Derek prefers to wear makeup and heels because he has never quite felt like himself in his own skin,even as a young boy.What term best describes Derek?

Accepted Answer

Derek's preference for wearing makeup and heels suggests that he is experiencing a disconnect between his gender identity and the sex he was assigned at birth, which is characteristic of being transgendered. Options A, B, and C do not accurately capture Derek's experience in the same way.

Question 15

Sara's grandma believes that males and females are naturally suited for their complementary roles as breadwinners and homemakers.When Sara asks her why she thinks this,her grandma replies that males are innately competitive and females are innately more nurturing.Which perspective is Sara's grandma adhering to?

Accepted Answer

Sara's grandma is adhering to the perspective of essentialism, which posits that gender roles and characteristics are determined by inherent, biological factors rather than social or environmental influences. Her belief that males are naturally competitive and females are naturally nurturing reflects this viewpoint.

Question 16

In regards to gender,which statement represents an essentialist perspective?

Accepted Answer

The statement that gender develops naturally in response to biological differences represents an essentialist perspective. Essentialism proposes that gender is determined by biological factors such as chromosomes, hormones, and genitalia, and that these factors result in inherent and unchangeable differences between men and women.

Question 17

According to the text,which of the following is one of the most rigid gender norms?

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions "expectations about sexual behaviour" as a rigid gender norm, indicating that there are strict expectations for what is considered appropriate sexual behavior based on gender.

Question 18

Nathan grew up with a mother whom he saw as hostile and a father who was always distant.He used to dream that he would one day be able to control his mother.According to the text,what kind of man does this profile describe?

Accepted Answer

The profile described suggests a potential for control issues and aggression, which can be associated with the characteristics or behaviors of a rapist, as indicated by the desire to control his mother. This does not directly relate to being a patriarch, father, or homosexual, as those terms do not inherently involve the desire for control or aggression described in the scenario.

Question 19

A young woman feels a stronger physical attraction to other females than to males.What term best describes this woman's feelings?

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring pattern of sexual, romantic, or emotional attraction towards men, women, or both. Therefore, the woman's stronger physical attraction to other females indicates that she has a same-sex or homosexual orientation.

Question 20

Yasmin's friend Charlene is bisexual.After dating a man for three years,Charlene began dating a woman last month.Yasmin has invited the new couple over for dinner tonight so she can meet Charlene's new significant other and wish them well.According to the text,Yasmin's attitude is in line with what growing social movement?

Accepted Answer

Yasmin's attitude towards Charlene's same-sex relationship suggests that she is accepting of sexual pluralism, which refers to the idea that there are many valid forms of sexual and romantic relationships, including those that do not conform to traditional norms of heterosexuality or monogamy. This attitude is reflective of a growing social movement towards recognizing and accepting diverse forms of sexuality and relationships.

Quiz 5: Gender and Sexualities