Which of the following information best helps to distinguish chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure from acute hypercapnic respiratory failure?
A) Long-standing dyspnea that worsens on exertion
B) Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) of less than 75% predicted
C) Kidneys retaining bicarbonate to elevate the blood pH
D) Physical signs of hypoxemia, such as cyanosis and clubbing
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