Coral reefs found very close to the shore of islands and continents are called:

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Fringing reefs are coral reefs that form close to the shore of islands and continents, sometimes directly attached to the shore itself. Atolls are circular coral reef islands surrounding a lagoon. Barrier reefs are separated from the shore by a lagoon and are generally farther offshore than fringing reefs. Table reefs are not a common term for coral reefs, but may refer to flat-topped reefs with a shallow lagoon-like structure on top.

Coral Reefs Found Very Close to the Shore of Islands