Hazards that can occur with surfactant replacement therapy after administration include hyperoxemia and decreased PaCO₂.These changes can be explained as occurring because of:

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Surfactant replacement therapy improves lung compliance, leading to increased tidal volumes. This can result in hyperoxemia (elevated PaCO2) and decreased PaCO2 (due to increased minute ventilation). Increases in heart rate or respiratory rates and ventilating pressures would not explain these specific changes.

Hazards That Can Occur with Surfactant Replacement Therapy After Administration