Which of the Following Is Not a True Statement About

Which of the following is not a true statement about top-down or bottom-up planning?

A) Bottom-up plans tend to understate achievable performance.
B) Top-down plans may fail to achieve "buy in" at lower levels of the organization.
C) Bottom-up planning has a built-in bias of "ask for more than you need" because managers anticipate having their requests cut during the planning process.
D) Top-down plans are usually conservative because top management doesn't want to disappoint stockholders by not achieving stated goals.
E) Top-down "stretch" plans lose their motivational effect if they set goals that are too difficult to achieve.