The Relationship Between Corporate Philanthropy and Financial Performance Can Be

The relationship between corporate philanthropy and financial performance can be described as:

A) positive - the more philanthropic behavior, the better the firm's financial performance
B) negative - the more philanthropic behavior, the worse the firm's financial performance
C) inverse U-shaped - up to a point, philanthropy and performance increase together; at a certain point, the relationship levels off and then declines
D) U-shaped - up to a point, philanthropy and performance decline together; at a certain point, the relationship levels off and then increases
E) none of the above