Alpha Corporation Owns 100 Percent of Beta Company, and Beta

Alpha Corporation owns 100 percent of Beta Company, and Beta owns 80 percent of Gamma, Inc. all of which are domestic corporations. Information for the three companies for the year ending December 31, 2013 follows: Which of the following statements is true?

A) Alpha and Beta must file a consolidated income tax return, but must exclude Gamma from the consolidated return.
B) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma must file a consolidated income tax return.
C) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma must file separate income tax returns because the ownership of Beta is less than 100%.
D) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma will probably not file a consolidated income tax return.
E) Alpha, Beta, and Gamma may file separate income tax returns or a consolidated income tax return.