What Was the Reason That Both Judges in the Ibn-Tamas

What was the reason that both judges in the Ibn-Tamas case used to prohibit expert testimony on battered woman syndrome (BWS) in front of the jury?

A) Expert testimony is generally unnecessary during jury trials.
B) The expert did not have the required credentials and expertise.
C) BWS is not generally accepted as legitimate in the field of psychology.
D) All of the above were offered as the reasons by both judges.