The hypodermic-needle research model might be considered the opposite of which research model?

Question

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The hypodermic-needle research model suggests that media messages are directly and strongly injected into individuals' minds, leading to immediate and powerful effects. The minimal-effects model, on the other hand, proposes that media messages have limited effects and are contextualized within individual factors and social relationships. These two models are often seen as opposing perspectives in media research.

The Hypodermic-Needle Research Model Might Be Considered the Opposite of Which