A threat to internal validity due to something that occurs and affects the dependent variable during an experiment,but that is unplanned and outside the control of the experimenter is known as ________________.

Question

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History effects refer to external events or factors that occur during an experiment and potentially affect the dependent variable. These events are usually unplanned and outside the experimenter's control. Testing effect refers to improvements in performance simply due to repeated testing, instrumentation refers to errors in the measuring instruments, and maturation effect refers to changes in the participants over time (e.g. physical or mental development).

A Threat to Internal Validity Due to Something That Occurs