What pathological cold antibody disease occurs in persons older than 50 years of age and demonstrates acrocyanosis of the hands and feet and the presence of a lymphoproliferative disorder?

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The given symptoms of acrocyanosis of the hands and feet indicate that the disease involves cold agglutinins. Additionally, the presence of a lymphoproliferative disorder suggests that this is a secondary form of cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS), which occurs in persons older than 50 years of age. CAS is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of high levels of cold-reactive autoantibodies, which bind to red blood cells (RBCs) and cause them to clump together (agglutinate) at low temperatures, leading to hemolysis (destruction of RBCs). The acrocyanosis occurs due to microvascular occlusion in the distal extremities. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria is also a cold antibody disease that occurs due to the presence of antibodies against the P antigen on RBCs, but it presents with hemoglobinuria (red urine) after exposure to cold temperatures. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated disease is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) that occurs due to cross-reactivity between RBC antigens and antibodies produced against M. pneumoniae infection. Secondary cold AIHA can occur in some patients, but it is not a specific disease entity like CAS. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, on the other hand, is a rare genetic disorder that results in the destruction of RBCs due to the inability to regulate the complement system.

What Pathological Cold Antibody Disease Occurs in Persons Older Than