In terms of the evolution of human nature, righteous indignation and the desire to gain retribution for being wronged may stem from

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Righteous indignation and the desire for retribution can stem from a combination of aggressive and altruistic tendencies. On one hand, there may be a desire for justice and fairness (an altruistic tendency), but on the other hand, there may be a desire to defend oneself and one's group from harm (an aggressive tendency). These two impulses can work together to create a sense of righteous anger and a desire for retribution.

In Terms of the Evolution of Human Nature, Righteous Indignation