McDonald's,Holiday Inn and Avis Rent a Car are all franchises,which means they are also members of a/n ________ vertical marketing system (VMS).

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Franchises typically operate under a contractual vertical marketing system (VMS). In this system, the franchisor (such as McDonald's, Holiday Inn, or Avis Rent a Car) provides the franchisee with a set of guidelines and support to ensure consistency across all locations while still allowing the franchisee to operate the business as an independent entity.

McDonald's,Holiday Inn and Avis Rent a Car Are All Franchises,which