The federal civil service was created by

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The Pendleton Act, also known as the Civil Service Reform Act, was passed by Congress in 1883 and established the federal civil service system based on the merit principle. This law was passed as a response to the spoils system, which allowed political parties to reward their supporters with federal jobs. The Pendleton Act created a system of exams and qualifications for federal jobs, ensuring that employees were hired and promoted based on their qualifications and abilities rather than their political connections.

The Federal Civil Service Was Created by