The judicial philosophy in which judges play a minimal role in policymaking is called judicial restraint.

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Judicial restraint is a philosophy in which judges limit their own power by avoiding policymaking and deferring to the decisions of elected officials and other branches of government as much as possible. This approach emphasizes the importance of interpreting the law as written and adhering to precedent, rather than attempting to use the courts to advance a particular agenda or ideology.

The Judicial Philosophy in Which Judges Play a Minimal Role