__________ make(s)a leader's influence either unnecessary or redundant in that they replace a leader's influence.

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Substitutes for leadership refer to factors such as task characteristics, formalized procedures, and employee experience and training that can replace or reduce the need for a leader's influence. A diverse team membership, ethical team values, and substitutes for followership may enhance the effectiveness of a leader, but they do not necessarily replace a leader's influence. Substitutes for technology may enhance a team's productivity, but they do not replace a leader's influence.

__________ Make(s)a Leader's Influence Either Unnecessary or Redundant in That