Question 1

Play in animals is related not only to their phylogenetic position, but also to the extent to which they must adapt to their _____ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Play in animals is related not only...

Question 2

In their make-believe play, American children are more likely to assume fantasy roles (e.g., television characters) than they are to assume realistic adult roles.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that American children are more likely to engage in make-believe play that involves fantasy roles, such as pretending to be characters from television shows or movies, rather than assuming realistic adult roles. This is influenced by the media and entertainment they are exposed to, which often features fantasy and fictional characters.

Question 3

Games of ________ are games whose outcomes are determined by the rational choices made by the players.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Games of ________ are games whose outcomes...

Question 4

While cultures may differ in symbolic play, the object play of toddlers is the same throughout the world.

Accepted Answer

Object play among toddlers can vary significantly across different cultures due to variations in available materials, cultural practices, and parental engagement styles.

Question 5

One of the intriguing features of animal play, particularly that of mammals, is the frequency with which it contains elements of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the intriguing features of animal...

Question 6

It has often been found in the research that children of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to engage in sociodramatic play.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found a correlation between lower socioeconomic status and decreased engagement in sociodramatic (make-believe) play. This is likely due to factors such as limited access to play materials and opportunities for play, as well as heightened stress levels and fewer positive role models in the home environment.

Question 7

There is no relationship between the quality of pretend play and measures of children's _________ abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is no relationship between the quality...

Question 8

Children in poorer underdeveloped countries are more likely to emphasize cooperation than competition when they play.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children in collectivistic cultures, which are often found in underdeveloped countries, tend to prioritize cooperation over competition in their play activities. This is in contrast to individualistic cultures, where competition may be more highly valued. However, it is important to note that cultural differences in play styles and values are complex and cannot be reduced to simple generalizations.

Question 9

While it is common in human children, aggression is rare in the play of other animal species.

Accepted Answer

Aggression in play is not uncommon in other animal species, particularly among carnivores like dogs, wolves, and hyenas, for whom playing rough and engaging in mock fights is an important part of their socialization and physical development. However, the intensity and duration of the play fighting is usually limited and clearly distinguished from actual aggressive behavior.

Question 10

Like human play, the play of animals is characterized by aggression and by an element of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like human play, the play of animals...

Question 11

Cultures whose common characteristic is that their fortunes depend on factors they cannot control are likely to engage in games of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cultures whose common characteristic is that their...

Question 12

Children in cultures in which there is little fantasy play are at a later disadvantage socially and cognitively.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while fantasy play can have benefits, children in cultures with less emphasis on fantasy play can still develop socially and cognitively through other forms of play and interaction, suggesting that fantasy play is not a prerequisite for social or cognitive development.

Question 13

A foot race and a weightlifting competition are examples of games of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A foot race and a weightlifting competition...

Question 14

Unlike Americans, Korean teachers put the major emphasis of the education of young children on encouraging them to play.

Accepted Answer

In Korea, the education system for young children also places a significant emphasis on academic achievement and structured learning, alongside the importance of play.

Question 15

The Harlow research at the University of Wisconsin indicated that monkeys raised by their natural mothers but prevented from playing with peers later appeared to be delayed in their ______ and ________ development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Harlow research at the University of...

Question 16

In cultures in which they are separated from the world of adults, children are more likely to play out the roles of _______ characters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In cultures in which they are separated...

Question 17

Animals who have to assume specific positions within a social order estab?lished by their peers are the most likely to engage in play.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Play behavior is often observed in animals with well-established social orders, such as primates, where social status determines an individual's place in the group hierarchy. Play may serve as a way for animals to develop social skills and establish and maintain relationships within their social group.

Question 18

When they play with their toddlers, Japanese mothers are more likely than Americans to try to teach about the physical properties of objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When they play with their toddlers, Japanese...

Question 19

____________ involves a stress on the importance of group goals, group loyalty, and group identification.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ involves a stress on the importance...

Question 20

If the frontal lobes of young rats are reduced in size by surgery, the result is in an decreased level of playfulness and hyperactivity.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that reducing the size of the frontal lobes in young rats typically results in increased playfulness and hyperactivity, not a decrease.

Quiz 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives

Play in animals is related not only to their phylogenetic position, but also to the extent to which they must adapt to their _ ___.