Which component of language governs how a word's meaning may be changed by adding prefixes and suffixes, how tense is determined, and how plurality is indicated?

Question

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Morphology is the component of language that deals with how the meaning of a word can be altered by adding prefixes and suffixes, as well as how tense and plurality are indicated. Phonology deals with the sound system of a language, syntax deals with the arrangement of words in sentences, and allegory is a type of figurative language.

Which Component of Language Governs How a Word's Meaning May