Both John and Amy exhibit articulation errors related to their VPI.You decide to conduct further testing of the misarticulated sounds to determine which errors are most likely the result of VPI.Some of these errors would include

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Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) often results in compensatory articulations such as glottal stops and pharyngeal plosives because the individual may try to stop the airflow in the throat due to the inability to achieve proper closure at the velopharyngeal port. Weak syllable deletion and substitution of /w/ for /r/, as well as lateral and frontal lisps, are more indicative of phonological or articulatory disorders not specifically related to VPI.

Both John and Amy Exhibit Articulation Errors Related to Their