An association has been found between postpartum depression and infant characteristics.What is a major difficulty involved in interpreting this relationship?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The major difficulty in interpreting this relationship is that it cannot be determined if the postpartum depression caused poor infant characteristics or if the poor infant characteristics caused postpartum depression. It is possible that the relationship is bidirectional or that there is a third variable that influences both postpartum depression and infant characteristics. Without more information or controlled experimental studies, it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between the two variables.

An Association Has Been Found Between Postpartum Depression and Infant