The Nurse Is Preparing to Start an IV in the Hand

The nurse is preparing to start an IV in the hand of a client who has very small veins.Which actions would be useful in dilating the veins?

A) Position the hand at heart level.
B) Stroke the vein.
C) Have the client clench and unclench the fist.
D) Slap the back of the client's hand.
E) Massage the vein.