A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related test items that seem to tap a common ability is called:

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Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related test items that seem to tap a common ability or trait (i.e. factor). Standardization refers to the process of transforming raw scores into a common scale to allow for comparisons, while reliability assessment involves measuring the consistency and stability of a test's scores over time. Predictive validity measures how well a test predicts future performance or behavior.

A Statistical Procedure That Identifies Clusters of Related Test Items