The theory which maintains that people act in ways to obtain the rewards that they desire and prevent the penalties that they wish to avoid is called the

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The description given matches the expectancy theory, which suggests that people are motivated by the expected outcomes of their behavior - they choose behaviors that they believe will lead to desirable rewards and avoid those that may result in negative consequences. The other options are not commonly used theories in psychology.

The Theory Which Maintains That People Act in Ways to Obtain