In the Context of an Action for Defamation, What Does

In the context of an action for defamation, what does 'published' mean?

A) The defamatory statement was made known to a third party who was capable of understanding the defamatory meaning.
B) The defamatory statement was in writing.
C) The defamatory statement was published in a book or magazine.
D) The defamatory statement was in a permanent form, such as a book, film or letter.