Patients with facial paralysis report full-blown sadness, happiness, and other emotions though their overt expressions hardly change. This outcome is problematic for

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All of the options provided relate to theories or hypotheses that suggest a link between facial expressions and the experience or intensity of emotions. The James-Lange theory posits that physiological reactions (including facial expressions) precede and drive emotional experiences. The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial movements can influence emotional experiences. Waynbaum's hypothesis also implies a connection between facial postures and emotional or physiological states. If patients with facial paralysis report experiencing full emotions despite their inability to make facial expressions, it challenges the idea that facial expressions are necessary for, or significantly contribute to, the emotional experience, thus posing a problem for all these theories.

Patients with Facial Paralysis Report Full-Blown Sadness, Happiness, and Other