A researcher has observed that people who suffer from an eating disorder tend to have lower self-esteem than people without a disorder.However,the researcher is not sure whether the lower self-esteem leads to an eating disorder or whether having an eating disorder leads to lower self-esteem.This is an example of
A) the directionality problem.
B) the third-variable problem.
C) the extraneous variable problem.
D) the confounding variable problem.
Correct Answer:
Verified
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