The first of the many federal acts to protect archaeological sites was:

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The Antiquities Act, enacted in 1906, was the first federal act specifically intended to protect archaeological sites in the United States. The act empowers the president to proclaim national monuments on federal lands that contain historic or prehistoric structures or other objects of historic or scientific interest. The Antiquities Act has been used to preserve many important archaeological sites, including Mesa Verde National Park and Chaco Culture National Historical Park.

The First of the Many Federal Acts to Protect Archaeological