As anthropology emerged from the intellectual atmosphere of the Enlightenment, early anthropologists were interested in explaining the similarities and differences among the diverse cultures of the world. E. B. Tylor attempted to answer the question of why societies were at different or similar levels of evolution and development by the explanation of:

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Tylor attempted to answer this question through the theory of unilineal evolution, which proposed that all societies progress through a series of stages of development from savage to barbaric to civilized, with Western societies being the most advanced.

As Anthropology Emerged from the Intellectual Atmosphere of the Enlightenment