A patient's Pap test reveals cervical cells characteristic of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.What information obtained during the patient's health history is a major risk factor for cervical cancer?

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Smoking is a major risk factor for cervical cancer, as it can damage the DNA of cervical cells and increase the risk of HPV infection. HPV is also a major risk factor for cervical cancer, as certain strains of the virus can cause changes in the cervical cells that can lead to cancer. While oral contraceptives, pregnancy history, and estrogen replacement therapy may be risk factors for other types of cancer, they are not major risk factors for cervical cancer.

A Patient's Pap Test Reveals Cervical Cells Characteristic of Adenocarcinoma