European Monarchs Were Forced to Raise Taxes Precipitously in the Sixteenth

European monarchs were forced to raise taxes precipitously in the sixteenth century because taxes collected in an inflationary period yielded less actual wealth and because:

A) the cost of waging war was becoming increasingly expensive.
B) the building programs of European monarchs in this period were notoriously expensive.
C) monarchs were giving regular subsidies to colonies in the New World.
D) major infrastructure renewal was occurring across Europe,especially the rebuilding of old Roman roads.
E) the cost of maintaining a professional bureaucracy rose substantially in this period.