The Berlin Conference of 1884:

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The Berlin Conference of 1884 established the ground rules for a new phase of European expansion in Africa. The conference was attended by representatives of Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Its purpose was to formalize the partition and colonization of Africa among the European powers. The conference recognized Leopold II of Belgium's claim to the Congo Free State, but it did not give mining rights to Portugal or establish the rights of citizens living in the Congo. It also did not have any impact on British naval tonnage.