Some intellectuals in the decades following World War II attempted to determine how such phenomena as Nazism and Stalinism could take root in societies.Many,such as Hannah Arendt,refused to demonize the political systems themselves and instead explored what she termed:

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Hannah Arendt coined the phrase "the banality of evil" to describe how ordinary people in Nazi Germany could participate in horrific crimes without feeling any sense of malice or hatred. She argued that the bureaucracy and everyday routine of the Nazi regime created an environment in which people could commit terrible acts without fully realizing the consequences of their actions. Arendt's work on the nature of evil has had a profound influence on political and moral philosophy.

Some Intellectuals in the Decades Following World War II Attempted