Suppose that a microorganism is discovered on a distant planet.Which investigation could be expected to yield information that could either support or refute the hypothesis that life originated only once in the universe?
A) Study of the organism's ability to synthesize new molecules
B) Investigation into the ability of the organism to reproduce itself
C) Identification of the molecule(s) that encode the organism's biological information
D) Evaluation of the organism's rate of nutrient intake
E) Analysis of the organism's cell surface area-to-volume ratio

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Identifying the molecule(s) that encode the organism's biological information would provide valuable information regarding the genetic makeup of the organism. If the structure of the genetic material is different from what is found on Earth, this could support the hypothesis that life originated independently on the distant planet. However, if the genetic material is similar to what is found on Earth, it could suggest that there is a common origin for all life in the universe.

Answer: A and B
 The ability of the organism to synthesize new molecules and reproduce are both key characteristics of life. If the organism is able to carry out both of these functions, it would support the hypothesis that life originated independently on the distant planet. However, if it is not able to synthesize new molecules or reproduce, it could suggest that the organism is not truly alive or that it has a common evolutionary history with life on Earth.

Suppose That a Microorganism Is Discovered on a Distant Planet