The establishment of plant-bacteria and plant-fungus relationships

Question

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The establishment of plant-bacteria and plant-fungus relationships can be very species-specific, meaning that certain microbes or parasites may only form relationships with specific host plants. This specificity can be due to chemical signaling by both the plant and microbe, as well as the ability of the microbe to penetrate into the symplast of the host plant cells. It is not always beneficial to the host plant, as some relationships can be parasitic, meaning that the microbe or fungus benefits at the expense of the plant.

The Establishment of Plant-Bacteria and Plant-Fungus Relationships