In Many Species of Birds, Males Lack a Penis

In many species of birds, males lack a penis.Which statement about the reproductive process of these birds is true?

A) They cannot engage in internal fertilization.
B) They deposit sperm packets in the environment, where they are retrieved by a female and used to fertilize her eggs.
C) They engage in internal fertilization but without an accessory sex organ.
D) They engage in indirect sperm transfer.
E) Their offspring develop via parthenogenesis.