As Populations of Giant Clams in the Indo-Pacific Become Sparser

As populations of giant clams in the Indo-Pacific become sparser, local extinctions of giant clam populations have increased.This situation is likely related to the Allee effect because, in sparser populations, clams

A) reproduce less successfully.
B) are less able to find food resources.
C) have an increased death rate due to disease.
D) are unable to carry out cooperative interactions.
E) have a greater susceptibility to weather changes.