A Fallen Western Hemlock Becomes a "Nurse Log" on the Forest

A fallen western hemlock becomes a "nurse log" on the forest floor, providing a raised substrate that keeps seedlings off the ground.Seedlings growing in the log survive better than those growing on the forest floor.Which of the following statements does not describe a mutualism or benefit that likely contributes to the tree seedlings' improved survival?

A) Decomposing nutrients in the log provide nutrients for the seedlings.
B) The log decreases competition with plants and mosses on the forest floor.
C) The open space where the tree once stood allows light to reach the seedlings.
D) Fungi in the decomposing log form mutualistic relationships with the seedlings.
E) Branches of the growing seedlings provide homes for flying squirrels and spotted owls.