The Hawaiian Islands Were Formed by Volcanic Activity, and the Original

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic activity, and the original lava and soil substrate was deficient in nutrients, particularly nitrogen.This suggests that many of the earliest plants to become established on the islands were probably

A) plants having high requirements for nutrients other than nitrogen.
B) plants that required no nitrogen.
C) plants that are poisoned by nitrogen.
D) nitrogen fixers, which take nitrogen from the air.
E) nitrogen removers, which eliminate excess nitrogen.