What do proponents of labeling theory view as the cause of emotional disorders and abnormal behavior?

Question

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Proponents of labeling theory view social expectations as the cause of emotional disorders and abnormal behavior. They believe that negative labels attached to an individual by society can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the individual behaves in a way consistent with the label given to them, leading to emotional distress and abnormal behavior.

What Do Proponents of Labeling Theory View as the Cause