When two variables are correlated,it is not clear which one is a causal variable and which is an effect.This ambiguity reflects:
A) the third variable problem
B) random error
C) selection bias
D) the directionality problem

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The directionality problem reflects the ambiguity of causal direction when two variables are correlated. This means that we cannot determine which variable is causing the other variable to change. For example, we do not know whether increased alcohol consumption causes depression or whether depression leads to increased alcohol consumption.

When Two Variables Are Correlated,it Is Not Clear Which One