While "Spanking" May Produce Immediate Compliance of Children,the Long-Term Side

While "spanking" may produce immediate compliance of children,the long-term side effects may include which of the following?

A) poorer mental health for both child and parent
B) higher levels of delinquency and anti-social behavior
C) that children are taught that violence is an acceptable solution to problems
D) the child will develop a greater sense of independence and autonomy,and will adhere to social and cultural norms