The notion that older people become less cognitively adept arose from misinterpretations of research evidence comparing younger and older people's performance on the same IQ test,using cross-sectional methods.

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This statement is true. Age-related decline in cognition is not as simple as originally thought, and much of the research supporting the idea of cognitive decline in older age is based on flawed methods. Cross-sectional studies comparing younger and older people's performance on the same test fail to account for cohort effects, which can skew results. Longitudinal studies, which follow individuals over time, have found that while cognitive abilities may decline in some areas, other abilities remain stable or even improve with age.

The Notion That Older People Become Less Cognitively Adept Arose