American Student Arianna Is Talking to Tatsuye, a Foreign Exchange

American student Arianna is talking to Tatsuye, a foreign exchange student from Japan. She notices that he often criticizes his own efforts and says, "I could work harder; I am actually kind of lazy." However, Arianna knows Tatsuye is a gifted and high-achieving student, so she is confused by his comments. Based on what you know about research on culture and the self, what would you tell Arianna about Tatsuye's comments?

A) People from East Asia tend to have lower self-esteem than Americans.
B) People from East Asia prefer to appear modest in public.
C) Tatsuye is comparing himself to Americans who have a reputation as hard workers.
D) Tatsuye may be experiencing a non-integrated self-concept due to his recent change in culture.