The processes by which immigrants maintain social, economic, religious, and political ties to both their immigrant communities and their communities back home.

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Transnationalism refers to the processes by which immigrants maintain social, economic, religious, and political ties to both their immigrant communities and their communities back home. This can include things such as sending remittances back to family members or participating in civic and political organizations in both countries. Pan-ethnicity refers to the creation of a shared identity among diverse groups of immigrants based on a common culture or historical experiences. Sectarianism refers to conflict between different religious or ethnic groups. Dual citizenship refers to the legal status of being a citizen of two countries at the same time. While transnationalism may involve dual citizenship, it also includes a wider range of activities and relationships beyond legal status.

The Processes by Which Immigrants Maintain Social, Economic, Religious, and Political