Professor Iconu has developed a new test of level of spiritual awareness for his course on religions of the world. Any such test must have several versions because some people take the test more than once. Unfortunately, it turns out that the same person often gets very different scores, depending on which version of the test is offered, even when taking the versions at nearly the same time. The test suffers from:
A) large bias.
B) confounding.
C) large sampling errors.
D) low reliability.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The fact that the same person often gets very different scores when taking different versions of the test at nearly the same time suggests that the test has low reliability. Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of scores obtained from a test over time and across different versions or items. A reliable test should produce similar scores for the same person, regardless of which version or item of the test is used. In this case, the lack of consistency in scores suggests that the test may not be measuring spiritual awareness consistently or accurately. Bias, confounding, and sampling errors are related to other aspects of test validity and do not necessarily account for the inconsistency in scores observed for this test.

Professor Iconu Has Developed a New Test of Level of Spiritual