"In American History, 20 students failed. Only 11 students failed World History. American History must be a more difficult course than World History." This statement is criticized because the measurement "number of students who fail" is being used as an indicator of "course difficulty." Thus, "number of students who fail" is claimed to be
A) categorical.
B) unreliable.
C) invalid.
D) confounded.
E) biased.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The use of "number of students who fail" as an indicator of "course difficulty" is an invalid measurement because it does not account for factors that may contribute to a student failing, such as individual study habits or external factors. Therefore, the statement is not an accurate representation of the actual difficulty level of American History versus World History.

"In American History, 20 Students Failed