Simpson's paradox occurs
A) when association and causation are both present.
B) when we analyze data using multiple regression.
C) when the chi-square statistic's value is smaller than the P-value.
D) when the nature of the observed relationship between two variables changes radically when we take into account other variables.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Simpson's paradox occurs when the relationship between two variables changes drastically or reverses when a third variable is taken into account. It can occur in any statistical analysis, including chi-square tests or regression analysis, but it is not dependent on causation being present.

Simpson's Paradox Occurs