A researcher or observer should try to subtly communicate to participants in a study the behaviours he or she anticipates,to bring about a desirable expectancy effect.

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A researcher or observer should not communicate any expectations to participants in order to avoid potential demand characteristics and other biases that could affect the results of the study. It is important to use methods such as double-blind designs and standardized protocols to minimize the influence of expectations on participant behavior.

A Researcher or Observer Should Try to Subtly Communicate to Participants